Ⅰ-WaikawaTe pīkara
1.- Te Whakamāramatanga o te Whakapūkara Waikawa: Ka whakamahia ngā waikawa hei tango matū i te unahi waikura rino i tētahi kukū, pāmahana, me te tere, e kiia nei ko te whakapūkara.
2.- Te whakarōpūtanga o te whakapūkara waikawa: E ai ki te momo waikawa, ka wehea ki te whakapūkara waikawa whanariki, te whakapūkara waikawa hauwaiora, te whakapūkara waikawa hauota, me te whakapūkara waikawa hauwaiora. Me whiriwhiri ngā momo rauemi whakapūkara i runga i te rauemi o te maitai, pērā i te whakapūkara maitai waro me te waikawa whanariki me te waikawa hauwaiora, te whakapūkara rānei i te kowiri tira me te ranunga o te waikawa hauota me te waikawa hauwaiora.
E ai ki te āhua o te maitai, ka wehea ki te whakapūkara waea, te whakapūkara hanga, te whakapūkara pereti maitai, te whakapūkara rīpene, me ētahi atu.
E ai ki te momo taputapu pīkara, ka wehea ki te pīkara tāke, te pīkara haurua-tonu, te pīkara tonu-katoa, me te pīkara pourewa.
3.- Te kaupapa o te whakapūkara waikawa: Ko te whakapūkara waikawa te tukanga tango i ngā unahi waikura rino mai i ngā mata whakarewa mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga matū, nō reira i kiia ai hoki ko te whakapūkara waikawa matū. Ko ngā unahi waikura rino (Fe203, Fe304, Fe0) i hangaia ki te mata o ngā paipa maitai he waikura taketake kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai. Ina rumakina ki roto i te wai waikawa, ina rehuhia rānei ki te wai waikawa ki runga i te mata, ka taea e ēnei waikura taketake te huri i ngā matū me te waikawa.
Nā te āhua wetekina, pūwero, me te ngatata o te unahi waikura i runga i te mata o te maitai hanganga waro, te maitai koranu iti rānei, me te piko tonu o te unahi waikura me te maitai rīpene i te wā e whakatikatika ana, e whakatikatika ana i te taumahatanga, me te kawe i runga i te raina pīkara, ka nui haere, ka whānui haere ēnei kapiti pūwero. Nō reira, ka tauhohe te otinga waikawa ki te unahi waikura i roto i te matū, ā, ka tauhohe hoki ki te rino papa maitai mā roto i ngā kapiti me ngā pūwero. Arā, i te tīmatanga o te horoi waikawa, e toru ngā tauhohenga matū i waenga i te unahi waikura rino me te rino whakarewa me te otinga waikawa ka mahia i te wā kotahi. Ka pāngia ngā unahi waikura rino e te tauhohenga matū ki te waikawa, ā, ka rewa (whakarewa). Ka tauhohe te rino whakarewa ki te waikawa hei whakaputa hau hauwai, ka tihorea te unahi waikura mā te miihini (pānga tihore miihini). Ka whakaitihia e te hauwai ngota ngā waikura rino ki ngā waikura ferrous e ngāwari ana ki ngā tauhohenga waikawa, kātahi ka tauhohe ki ngā waikawa hei tango (whakaiti).
Tuarua-Whakakorekore/Whakakore/Whakakore
1.- Te mātāpono whakangāwari: Ka taea te whakamārama i te tikanga whakangāwari mā te ariā kiriata angiangi, e kī ana ko te whakangāwari nā te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā konganuku me ngā matū whakahāora, ka puta he kiriata whakangāwari tino angiangi, matotoru, kapi pai, ā, ka piri pūmau ki runga i te mata o te konganuku. Kei te noho tēnei paparanga kiriata hei wāhanga motuhake, he matū o ngā konganuku whakahāora te nuinga. He mahi tāna ki te wehe katoa i te konganuku mai i te reo waikura, ka ārai i te konganuku kei pā ki te reo waikura, ā, ka mutu te whakarewa o te konganuku, ka hanga he āhua kore mahi hei whakatutuki i te pānga ārai-waikura.
2.- Ngā painga o te whakakorekore:
1) Ki te whakaritea ki ngā tikanga hiri ā-tinana tuku iho, ko te āhuatanga o te maimoatanga passivation he kore rawa e whakanui ake i te matotoru o te mea mahi, engari he rerekē te tae, ka whakapai ake i te tika me te uara tāpiri o te hua, ka māmā ake te mahi;
2) Nā te āhua kore-tauhohe o te tukanga whakakorenga, ka taea te tāpiri me te whakamahi i te kaihoko whakakorenga i ngā wā maha, ā, ka roa ake te ora me te utu iti ake.
3) Mā te whakangāwari ka hangaia he kiriata whakangāwari hanganga ngota hāora ki runga i te mata whakarewa, he kiato, he pumau hoki te mahi, ā, he pānga whakatikatika-ake anō hoki i te hau i te wā kotahi. Nō reira, ki te whakaritea ki te tikanga tuku iho o te paninga hinu ārai-waikura, he pumau ake te kiriata whakangāwari i hangaia e te whakangāwari, ā, he ātete ki te waikura. Ko te nuinga o ngā pānga utu i roto i te paparanga waikura e pā tika ana, e pā kore tika ana rānei ki te tukanga o te whakangāwari wera. I roto i te awhe pāmahana o te 800-1250 ℃, e toru ngā wāhanga tonu o te tukanga whakangāwari wera mā te whakamahi i te hāora maroke, te hāora mākū, te mamaoa wai rānei. Tuatahi, ka tomo te hāora i roto i te āhuarangi taiao ki te paparanga waikura i hangaia, kātahi ka horapa te hāora ki roto mā te hauhā silicon. Ina tae ki te atanga Si02-Si, ka tauhohe ki te silicon hei hanga hauhā silicon hou. Mā tēnei, ka puta te tukanga tonu o te tauhohenga horapa urunga hāora, ka huri tonu te silicon e tata ana ki te atanga hei silica, ā, ka tipu te paparanga waikura ki roto o te paparanga silicon i tētahi tere.
Ⅲ-Te whakapūkara
Ko te maimoatanga whakapūkara he tauhohenga matū e hanga ana i tētahi paparanga kiriata (kiriata whakapūkara) ki runga i te mata. Ko te tukanga maimoatanga whakapūkara e whakamahia ana i runga i ngā mata whakarewa, ko te whāinga he whakarato i tētahi kiriata tiaki hei wehe i te whakarewa mai i te hau, hei ārai hoki i te waikura; Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei paninga mō ētahi hua i mua i te peita. Mā tēnei paparanga kiriata whakapūkara, ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te piri me te ātete ki te waikura o te paparanga peita, te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga whakapaipai, me te ātaahua ake i te āhua o te mata whakarewa. Ka taea hoki e ia te whai wāhi ki te whakahinuhinu i roto i ētahi tukanga mahi matao whakarewa.
I muri i te maimoatanga whakapūkara, e kore te mea mahi e waikura, e waikura rānei mō te wā roa, nō reira he whānui te whakamahinga o te maimoatanga whakapūkara, ā, he tukanga maimoatanga mata whakarewa hoki e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Kei te piki haere te whakamahinga i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā motuka, ngā kaipuke, me te hanga miihini.
1.- Te whakarōpūtanga me te whakamahinga o te whakapūhui
I te nuinga o te wā, ka rerekē te tae o te mata, engari ka taea te whakamahi i ngā momo matū whakapūkara hei whakaputa i ngā tae rerekē i runga i ngā hiahia tūturu. Koia te take e kitea pinepine ai te hina, te tae, te mangu rānei i roto i te mata.
Te whakapūkara rino: i muri i te whakapūkara, ka puta te tae āniwaniwa me te kikorangi i te mata, nō reira ka kiia hoki ko te tae whākawa. Ko te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia te molybdate hei rauemi mata mō te otinga whakapūkara, ka hangaia he kiriata whakapūkara tae āniwaniwa ki runga i te mata o ngā rauemi maitai, ā, ka whakamahia hoki hei peita i te paparanga o raro, kia tutuki ai te ātete ki te waikura o te mea mahi, kia pai ake ai te piri o te paninga mata.
Wā tuku: Mei-10-2024