Kowiri tira Pae Porohita Ki te Kounga Pai

Rino (Fe): ko te huānga whakarewa taketake o te kowiri tira;

Chromium (Cr): Ko te huānga hanga ferrite matua, chromium ngā ki te hāora e taea te whakaputa waikura-ātete Cr2O3 passivation kiriata, Ko tetahi o nga huānga taketake o te kowiri tira ki te mau tonu ātete te waikura, whakanui ihirangi chromium te passivation kiriata kaha whakatika o te maitai, te whānui kowiri tira ihirangi chromium me ki runga ake 12%;

Wao (C): he kaha austenite hanga huānga, ka taea e tino whakapai ake i te kaha o te maitai, i tua atu ki te waro i runga i te waikura ātete hoki he pānga kino;

Nickel (Ni): Ko te austenite matua te hanga huānga, ka taea te whakaroa i te pirau o te rino me te tipu o te witi i te wa e whakamahana ana;

Molybdenum (Mo): Ko te carbide hanga huānga, te carbide i hanga he tino pūmau, ka taea te aukati i te tipu witi o austenite ka wera, whakaiti i te tairongo superheat o te maitai, i roto i te tua, ka taea e molybdenum hanga te kiriata passivation atu mātotoru me te totoka, na whai hua te whakapai ake i te kowiri tira Cl- waikura ātete;

Niobium, Titanium (Nb, Ti): he carbide kaha te hanga huānga, ka taea te whakapai ake i te atete o te maitai ki te waikura intergranular. Heoi, he kino te paanga o te titanium carbide ki te kounga o te mata o te kowiri tira, na reira ko te kowiri tira me nga whakaritenga mata teitei ka pai ake ma te taapiri i te niobium hei whakapai ake i te mahi.

Nitrogen (N): he huānga hanga austenite kaha, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha o te maitai. Engari he nui ake te paanga o te pakaru o te kowiri tira, no reira ko te kowiri tira i roto i te kuini ka whai ki te whakahaere i te ihirangi hauota.

Phosphorus, whanariki (P, S): he huānga kino i roto i te kowiri tira, ka pa kino te aukati o te waikura me te hiri o te kowiri tira.